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Selasa, 03 Juni 2014

Theory of Quantifiers and the Future Perfect

Name : Fadlan Pramudito

Class : 1EA07

NPM : 132133052

Lecturer : SRI HARTATI

Assigment & Transcription 3

Monday 28^th April 2014

Theory of Quantifiers and the Future Perfect

Ø Quantifiers adalah sebuah frase kata yang mempunyai fungsi untuk menyatakan sebuah jumlah atau quantitas. Jika dalam bahasa Indonesia, kita biasa mengatakan quantifiers misalnya, beberapa, sejumlah, sebesar, semua, dan sebagian. Bisa dianggap bahwa quantifiers adalah penanda jumlah suatu benda atau barang.

Quantifiers is is a phrase that has the function to declare an amount or quantities. If in Indonesian, we used to say quantifiers, for example, some, some, of, all, and in part. It could be considered that the quantifiers are markers of an object or item number.

Quantifiers dalam bahasa Inggris dibagi ke dalam dua bentuk yaitu quantifiers yang bertujuan untuk menandakan jumlah kata benda yang bisa dihitung dan tidak bisa dihitung.

Kata benda yang bisa dihitung (countable nouns) : books, friends, chairs, tables, teachers, students.

Kata benda yang tidak bisa dihitung (uncountable nouns) : meat, sugar, coffee, ice cream.

Quantifiers in English is divided into two forms namely quantifiers are intended to indicate the number of nouns that can be counted and can not be calculated.
Kata dihitung (kata benda dihitung): buku, teman, kursi, meja, guru, siswa, fans.
Noun yang tidak dapat dihitung (kata benda tak terhitung): daging, gula, kopi, es krim.

Examples of Quantifiers

Many : Many people assume that his life perfected.

(Banyak orang menggangap bahwa hidup dia sempurna).

A few : I have a few used clothes for the beggar.

(Aku punya beberapa pakaian bekas untuk pengemis itu).

Few : He only has few ties to attend the meeting.

(Dia hanya punya sedikit dasi untuk menghadiri pertemuan).

A little : Ria has a little money in her pocket.

(Ria punya sedikit uang di kantongnya).

Little : There is only little water left in the teapot.

(Hanya sedikit air yang tersisa di dalam teko).

Much : I don’t have much money in this time.

(Saya tidak punya banyak uang saat ini).

Some : Some students prefer to learn on their own for the exam while some others do not.

(Beberapa siswa lebih suka belajar sendiri untuk ujian sedangkan beberapa yang lain tidak).

A lot of : Do you need a lot of sugar?

(Apakah kamu tidak membutuhkan banyak gula?).

Lots of : I have lots of time to accompany you.

(Saya mempunyai banyak waktu untuk menemanimu).

Most of : Most of the Indonesian people have brownish black skin.

(Kebanyakan dari orang Indonesia mempunyai kulit sawo matang).

Ø Future Perfect Tense (Bentuk Waktu Akan Datang Telah Selesai) adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan atau peristiwa keadaan yang telah selesai dilakukan pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.

Future Perfect Tense is a tense used to express action or state of events which has been completed at a specific time in the future.

1. Kalimat Verbal

a. Rumus kalimat verbal positif yang digunakan adalah :

Untuk Subyek : I, We

Subyek + shall + have + V3

Untuk Subyek : You, They, He, She, It

Subyek + will + have + V3

Contoh :
- I shall have finished my work tomorrow night.
(Saya akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan saya besok malam).
- She will have spoken English well next week.
(Dia akan berbicara bahasa Inggris dengan baik minggu depan).

b. Rumus kalimat verbal negatif yang digunakan adalah :

Untuk Subyek : I, We

Subyek + shall + not + have + V3

Untuk Subyek : You, They, He, She, It

Subyek + will + not + have + V3

Contoh :
- I shall not have finished my work.
(Saya belum menyelesaikan pekerjaan saya).
- She will not have spoken English well next week.
(Dia belum berbicara bahasa Inggris dengan baik).

c. Rumus kalimat verbal tanya yang digunakan adalah :

Untuk Subyek : I, We

Shall + subyek + have + V3 + ?

Untuk Subyek : You, They, He, She, It

Will + subyek + have + V3 + ?

Contoh :
- Shall you have finished my work tomorrow night?
(Apakah saya akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan kamu besok malam?)
- Will she have spoken English well next week?
(Apakah dia akan sudah berbicara bahasa Inggris dengan baik minggu depan?)
   Answer:
   Yes, she will. (Ya)
   No, she won't. (Tidak)

2. Kalimat Nominal

a. Rumus kalimat nominal positif yang digunakan adalah :

Untuk Subyek : I, We

Subyek + shall + have been + Non Verb

Untuk Subyek : You, They, He, She, It

Subyek + will + have been + Non Verb

Catatan :

Non Verb (bukan kata kerja) dapat berupa kata sifat, kata benda atau kata keterangan.

Contoh :

- I shall have been a doctor next month.

(Saya akan menjadi seorang dokter bulan depan).

- They will have been busy at eight o'clock tomorrow morning.

(Mereka akan sibuk pada jam delapan besok pagi).

b. Rumus kalimat nominal negatif yang digunakan adalah :

Untuk Subyek : I, We

Subyek + shall + not + have been + Non Verb

Untuk Subyek : You, They, He, She, It

Subyek + will + not + have been + Non Verb

Contoh :

- I shall not have been a doctor.

(Saya belum menjadi seorang dokter).

- They will not have been busy at eight o'clock tomorrow morning.

(Mereka belum sibuk pada jam delapan besok pagi).

c. Rumus kalimat nominal negatif yang digunakan adalah :

Untuk Subyek : I, We

Shall + Subyek + have been + Non Verb + ?

Untuk Subyek : You, They, He, She, It

Will + Subyek + have been + Non Verb + ?

Contoh :

- Shall I have been a doctor next month?

(Apakah kamu akan menjadi seorang dokter bulan depan?)

- Will they have been busy at eight o'clock tomorrow morning?

(Apakah mereka akan sibuk pada jam delapan besok pagi?)

Keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan pada Future Perfect Tense adalah :
- next week                                         = minggu depan
- next month                           = bulan depan
- tonight                                              = nanti malam
- tomorrow                                          = besok
- this evening                          = sore ini
- by next week                         = menjelang minggu depan
- by next year                          = menjelang tahun depan
- by the end of this week                    = menjelang akhir pekan minggu ini

Examples of Future Perfect Tense

1. She will have finished the work by Wednesday.

(Dia akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan dengan Rabu).

2. I shall have left for home by the time he gets up.

(Saya akan pulang ke rumah pada saat dia bangun).

3. We shall not have started a job tomorrow.

(Kami tidak akan memulai pekerjaan besok).

4. Will students have passed the examination?

(Apakah siswa telah lulus pemeriksaan?)

5. Will you have made a new chair?

(Apakah Anda telah membuat kursi baru?)

6. By the time you read this I’ll have left.

(Pada saat Anda membaca ini saya akan meninggalkan).

7. You will have finished your work by this time next week.

(Anda akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan Anda saat ini minggu depan).

8. I shall have been a leacturer next year.

(Saya akan menjadi seorang dosen tahun depan).

9. We shall not have been busy tonight.

(Kami belum sibuk nanti malam).

10. Will you have been a actor next year?

(Apakah kamu akan menjadi seorang aktor tahun depan?)

$Description: C:\Users\INDAH AYU\Downloads\images (25).jpg$

Sumber:

(LPIA,Basic2 English,

LPIA Jakarta :Lembaga Indonesia – Amerika serikat )

Exercise of Quantifiers

They need to have…….attention in this seminar.
Do you need a……time to go shopping?
There are…….kinds of method that you can apply.

4. You need a…….weeks to arrive in that hotel.

5. I cannot fix these problems only in…….hours.

6. You have too…….material for your students.

a. much

b. many

c. some

d. a lot of

e. a few

7. I only have…….brave to explain my reason.

a. a lot of

b. a little

c. a few

d. much

e. a little

8. There are…….books in my room.

a. much

b. many

c. some

d. more

e. little

9. There were…….tables in my house.

a. some

b. few

c. little

d. many

e. much

10. I can finish the jobs in…….months.

a. a lot of

b. a little

c. some

d. much

e. a few

Answer

1. Much

2. Little

3. Many

4. Few

5. Several

6. a. Much

7. b. A little

8. c. Some

9. d. Many

10. e. A few

Exercise of Future Perfect Tense

1. We…….have fixed the computer tomorrow.

2. Fauzan…….have bought the book next week.

3. Nasrul…….not have washed a car tonight.

4. Indah…….not have given a money to the beggar.

5. I…….not have written a letter.

6. …….we have eaten a noodles? Yes, we shall.

a. Shall

b. Will

c. Do

d. Does

e. Have

7. …….they have watched a movie tomorrow? No, they won’t.

a. Shall

b. Will

c. Do

d. Does

e. Have

8. Rasya…….have read a novel this evening.

a. has

b. shall

c. will

d. have

e. had

9. The people…….have dreamt go to Mountain next week.

a. has

b. was

c. shall

d. will

e. had

10. I…….have cut a cake in the kitchen.

a. have

b. was

c. do

d. will

e. shall

Answer

1. Shall

2. Will

3. Will

4. Will

5. Shall

6. Shall

7. Will

8. Will

9. Will

10. Shall

Di kerjakan oleeh: Fadlan Pramudito

Indah Ayu Puspita Sari

Wafa Syahidah

Wira Aji Respati

Monumen Nasional Indonesia ( National Monument )

The National Monument (Indonesian: Monumen Nasional, abbreviated Monas) is a 132 m (433ft) tower in the centre of Merdeka Square, Central Jakarta, symbolizing the fight for Indonesia. It is the national monument of the Republic of Indonesia, built to commemorate the struggle for Indonesian independence.

Construction began in 1961 under the direction of President Sukarno. Monas was opened to the public in 1975. It is topped by a flame covered with gold foil. The monument and the museum are open daily from 08.00 - 15.00 Western Indonesia Time (UTC+7) throughout the week except for the last Monday of each month when the monument is closed.

Background

After the Indonesian government returned to Jakarta from Yogyakarta in 1950 following the Dutch recognition of Indonesian independence, President Sukarno began to contemplate the construction of a national monument comparable to the Eiffel Tower on the square in front of the Presidential Palace. On 17 August 1954, a National Monument Committee was established and a design competition was held in 1955. This attracted 51 entries, but only one design, by Frederich Silaban, met any of the criteria determined by the committee, which included reflecting the character of Indonesia in a building capable of lasting for centuries. A repeat competition was held in 1960, but once again, none of the 136 entries met the criteria. The chairman of the jury team then asked Silaban to show his design to Sukarno. However, Sukarno did not like the design as he wanted the monument to be in the form of a linga and yoni. Silaban was asked to design such a monument, but his design was for a monument so large that it would have been unaffordable given the economic conditions at the time. Silaban refused to design a smaller monument, suggesting that construction be delayed until the Indonesian economy improved. Sukarno then asked the architect R.M. Soedarsono to continue with the design. Soedarsono incorporated the numbers 17, 8 and 45, representing the 17 August 1945 Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, in the dimensions of the monument

Sumber : Wikipedia

TransJakarta

TransJakarta is a bus rapid transit (BRT) system in Jakarta, Indonesia. It was the first BRT system in Southern and Southeast Asia. The TransJakarta system began operations on January 25, 2004. As of February 14, 2013 the 12th corridor was added officially, with 3 more currently corridors in progress. TransJakarta was designed to provide Jakarta citizens with a fast public transportation system to help reduce rush hour traffic. The buses run in special lanes and ticket prices are subsidized by the regional government. At the 10th years of TransJakarta operation anniversary, the buses carried more than 350,000 passengers per day with more than 500 buses in operation and more than a hundred in maintenace and for reserve.[1] The subsidy per passenger-ticket in 2011 was around Rp 2,900 ($0.29) and for 2012 the subsidy is expected be around Rp 2,100 ($0.21) per passenger-ticket.[2] Currently TransJakarta has the world's longest BRT routes (172 km in length).

Sumber : Wikipedia

Museum Gajah ( National Museium of Indonesia )

On April 24, 1778, a group of Dutch intellectuals established a scientific institution under the name Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, (Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences).[2] This private body had the aim of promoting research in the field of arts and sciences, especially in history, archaeology, ethnography and physics, and publish the various findings.

One of the founders – JCM Radermacher – donated a building and a collection of cultural objects and books, which were of great value to start off a museum and library for the society.[3] Due to the growing collections, General Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles built a new premises on Jalan Majapahit No. 3 at the beginning of the 19th century and named it the Literary Society. In the 1862 the Dutch East Indies government decided to build a new museum that would not only serve as an office but also could be used to house, preserve and display the collections.

The Museum was officially opened in 1868 and popularly known as Gedung Gajah (Elephant Building) or sometimes called Gedung Arca (The house of Statues). It was called Gedung Gajah on account of the bronze elephant statue in the front yard – a gift to Batavia from King Chulalongkorn of Siam in 1871. It was also called Gedung Arca because a great variety of statues from different periods are on display in the house.

In 1931, the museum's collections were shown in a world cultural exhibition in Paris. Unfortunately, a fire in the exhibition hall demolished the Dutch East Indies' exhibition pavilion and destroyed most of the objects. The museum received some insurance money as compensation and the following year these funds were used to build the old ceramics room, the bronze room, and both treasure rooms on the second floor.

On February 29, 1950 the institution became the Lembaga Kebudayaan Indonesia (Indonesian Culture Council). On September 17, 1962 it was handed over to the Indonesian government and became known as Museum Pusat (Central Museum). By decree of the Minister of Education and Culture No. 092/0/1979 May 28, 1979 it was renamed the Museum Nasional.

In 2007, a new building to the north side of existing building was opened, featuring many artifacts from prehistoric times to modern times. This new building, called Gedung Arca (Statue Building), provides a new exhibition wing. The old building is named as Gedung Gajah (Elephant Building).

In September 11, 2013, four precious golden artifacts from the 10th-century Eastern Medang kingdom period was stolen from the museum. The items were first discovered in the ruins of the Jalatunda ancient royal bathing place and in the temples on the slopes of Mount Penanggungan in Mojokerto Regency, East Java. The four missing artifacts were a dragon-shaped gold plaque, a scripted crescent-shaped gold plaque and one golden-silver Harihara plaque, as well as a small golden box. All the missing items were displayed together in a glass showcase located inside the archaeology gold artifact and treasure room on the second floor of the Gedung Gajah (old wing) building.

Sumber : Wikipedia

Istana Bogor ( The Bogor Palace)

The Bogor Palace (Indonesian:Istana Bogor) is one of 6 Presidential Palaces in Indonesia. The palace is noted for its distinctive architectural, historical, features, as well as the adjoining botanical gardens. Istana Bogor was opened to the public in 1968 to public tour groups (not individuals), with the permission of the then President of Indonesia, Suharto. The number of visitors annually is approximately 10,000 people. The gardens of the palace have an area of 284,000 square metres (28.4 hectares).

History

The original colonial building on the site of Istana Bogor was a mansion named Buitenzorg (also Sans Souci), which was built from August 1744 as a country retreat for the Dutch Governors, including also during the period of British administration. Notable occupants of the mansion include Herman Willem Daendels and Sir Stamford Raffles.

This building was substantially damaged by an earthquake in 1834, triggered by the volcanic eruption of Mount Salak. The palace was rebuilt into its present form in 1856— this time with only one storey instead of the original three, as a precaution against further earthquakes.

From 1870 to 1942 the Istana Bogor served as the official residence of the Dutch Governors General. After Indonesian independence, the palace was much used by President Sukarno, but then largely neglected by Suharto when he came to office.

Structure

The grounds of the estate contain several buildings - the largest of which is the main palace and its two wings. The main palace contains private offices for the head of state, a library, a dining room, a ministers' meeting room, a theater room, and the Garuda room (for welcoming State guests). The two wings are used as the guest residences for State guests. Kebun Raya Bogor ("Great Gardens of Bogor", the Bogor Botanical Gardens) are also part of the palace grounds.

The palace houses an extensive art collection which had been accumulated by Soekarno. A herd of spotted deer still range within the palace grounds; a group of these had originally been brought there by the Dutch for hunting and sport

sumber : Wikipedia